Cook 10 trimmed and halved Brussels sprouts in a large stockpot of boiling water until bright green, about 5 minutes.
Drain and rinse under cold running water.
Bring 3/4 cup water, 1/4 cup white vinegar, and 1 tsp. coarse kosher salt to a simmer in stockpot over medium; simmer until salt dissolves.
Combine 10 black peppercorns, 1/4 tsp. yellow mustard seeds, 1 sliced garlic clove, a pinch of crushed red pepper, and 1 fresh bay leaf in a sterilized pint jar.
Place Brussels sprouts in jar; add hot vinegar mixture. (You may have some leftover liquid.)
Cool to room temperature. Cover with lid, and chill 4 days or up to 2 weeks before serving.